Merge branch 'upstream_master' into refactor-run-cmd

1 files changed, 361 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/manifest-reference.md b/manifest-reference.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dd038d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/manifest-reference.md
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+# Fortran package manager (fpm) manifest reference
+
+The ``fpm.toml`` file for each project is called its *manifest*.
+It is written using the [TOML] format.
+Every manifest file consists of the following sections:
+
+- [*name*](#project-name):
+  The name of the project
+- [*version*](#project-version):
+  The version of the project
+- [*license*](#project-license):
+  The project license
+- [*maintainer*](#project-maintainer):
+  Maintainer of the project
+- [*author*](#project-author):
+  Author of the project
+- [*copyright*](#project-copyright):
+  Copyright of the project
+- [*description*](#project-description):
+  Description of the project
+- [*categories*](#project-categories):
+  Categories associated with the project
+- [*keywords*](#project-keywords):
+  Keywords describing the project
+- [*homepage*](#project-homepage):
+  The project's homepage
+- Build configuration:
+  - [*auto-tests*](#automatic-target-discovery):
+    Toggle automatic discovery of test executables
+  - [*auto-executables*](#automatic-target-discovery):
+    Toggle automatic discovery of executables
+- Target sections:
+  - [*library*](#library-configuration)
+    Configuration of the library target
+  - [*executable*](#executable-targets)
+    Configuration of the executable targets
+  - [*test*](#test-targets)
+    Configuration of the test targets
+- Dependency sections:
+  - [*dependencies*](#specifying-dependencies):
+    Project library dependencies
+  - [*dev-dependencies*](#development-dependencies):
+    Dependencies only needed for tests
+
+[TOML]: https://toml.io/
+
+
+## Project name
+
+The project name identifies the package and is used to refer to it.
+It is used when listing the project as dependency for another package and the default name of the library and executable target.
+Therefore, the project name must always be present.
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+name = "hello_world"
+```
+
+
+## Project version
+
+The version number of the project is specified as string.
+A standardized way to manage and specify versions is the [Semantic Versioning] scheme.
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+version = "1.0.0"
+```
+
+[Semantic Versioning]: https://semver.org
+
+
+## Project license
+
+The project license field contains the license identifier.
+A standardized way to specify licensing information are [SPDX] identifiers.
+
+*Examples:*
+
+Projects licensed under the [GNU Lesser General Public License](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0-standalone.html), either version 3 or any later version, is specified as
+
+```toml
+license = "LGPL-3.0-or-later"
+```
+
+Dual licensed project under the [Apache license, version 2.0](http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0) or the [MIT license](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) are specified as
+
+```toml
+license = "Apache-2.0 OR MIT"
+```
+
+[SPDX]: https://spdx.org/licenses/
+
+
+## Project maintainer
+
+Information on the project maintainer and means to reach out to them.
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+maintainer = "jane.doe@example.com"
+```
+
+
+## Project author
+
+Information on the project author.
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+author = "Jane Doe"
+```
+
+
+## Project copyright
+
+A statement clarifying the copyright status of the project.
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+copyright = "Copyright 2020 Jane Doe"
+```
+
+
+## Project description
+
+The decription provides a short summary on the project.
+It should be plain text and not using any markup formatting.
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+description = "A short summary on this project"
+```
+
+
+## Project categories
+
+The project can be associated with different categories.
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+categories = ["io"]
+```
+
+
+## Project keywords
+
+The keywords field is an array of strings describing the project.
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+keywords = ["hdf5", "mpi"]
+```
+
+
+## Project homepage
+
+URL to the webpage of the project.
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+homepage = "https://stdlib.fortran-lang.org"
+```
+
+
+## Project targets
+
+Every fpm project can define library, executable and test targets.
+Library targets are exported and useable for other projects.
+
+
+### Library configuration
+
+Defines the exported library target of the project.
+A library is generated if the source directory is found in a project.
+The default source directory is ``src`` but can be modifed in the *library* section using the *source-dir* entry.
+Paths for the source directory are given relative to the project root and use ``/`` as path separator on all platforms.
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+[library]
+source-dir = "lib"
+```
+
+#### Custom build script
+
+> Supported in Bootstrap fpm only
+
+Projects with custom build scripts can specify those in the *build-script* entry.
+The custom build script will be executeted when the library build step is reached.
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+[library]
+build-script = "build.sh"
+```
+
+Build scripts written in ``make`` are automatically detected and executed with ``make``
+
+```toml
+[library]
+build-script = "Makefile"
+```
+
+
+### Executable targets
+
+Executable targets are Fortran programs defined as *executable* sections.
+If no executable section is specified the ``app`` directory is searched for program definitions.
+For explicitly specified executables the *name* entry must always be specified.
+The source directory for each executable can be adjusted in the *source-dir* entry.
+Paths for the source directory are given relative to the project root and use ``/`` as path separator on all platforms.
+The source file containing the program body can be specified in the *main* entry.
+
+Executables can have their own dependencies.
+See [specifying dependencies](#specifying-dependencies) for more details.
+
+> Dependencies supported in Bootstrap fpm only
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+[[executable]]
+name = "app-name"
+source-dir = "prog"
+main = "program.f90"
+
+[[executable]]
+name = "app-tool"
+[executable.dependencies]
+helloff = { git = "https://gitlab.com/everythingfunctional/helloff.git" }
+```
+
+Specifying many separate executables can be done by using inline tables for brevity instead
+
+```toml
+executable = [
+  { name = "a-prog" },
+  { name = "app-tool", source-dir = "tool" },
+]
+```
+
+
+### Test targets
+
+Test targets are Fortran programs defined as *test* sections.
+They follow similar rules as the executable targets.
+If no test section is specified the ``test`` directory is searched for program definitions.
+For explicitly specified tests the *name* entry must always be specified.
+The source directory for each test can be adjusted in the *source-dir* entry.
+Paths for the source directory are given relative to the project root and use ``/`` as path separator on all platforms.
+The source file containing the program body can be specified in the *main* entry.
+
+Tests can have their own dependencies.
+See [specifying dependencies](#specifying-dependencies) for more details.
+
+> Dependencies supported in Bootstrap fpm only
+
+*Example:*
+
+```toml
+[[test]]
+name = "test-name"
+source-dir = "testing"
+main = "tester.F90"
+
+[[test]]
+name = "tester"
+[test.dependencies]
+helloff = { git = "https://gitlab.com/everythingfunctional/helloff.git" }
+```
+
+
+## Automatic target discovery
+
+> Supported in Fortran fpm only
+
+Executables and test can be discovered automatically in their default directories.
+The automatic discovery recursively searches the ``app`` and ``test`` directories for ``program`` definitions and declares them as executable and test targets, respectively.
+The automatic discovery is enabled by default.
+
+To disable the automatic discovery of targets set the *auto-executables* and *auto-tests* entry to *false*.
+
+```toml
+[build]
+auto-executables = false
+auto-tests = false
+```
+
+
+## Specifying dependencies
+
+Dependencies can be declared in the *dependencies* table in the manifest root or the [*executable*](#executable-targets) or [*test*](#test-targets) sections.
+When declared in the manifest root the dependencies are exported with the project.
+
+
+### Local dependencies
+
+To declare local dependencies use the *path* entry.
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+my-utils = { path = "utils" }
+```
+
+Local dependency paths are given relative to the project root and use ``/`` as path separator on all platforms.
+
+
+### Dependencies from version control systems
+
+Dependencies can be specified by the projects git repository.
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+toml-f = { git = "https://github.com/toml-f/toml-f" }
+```
+
+To use a specific upstream branch declare the *branch* name with
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+toml-f = { git = "https://github.com/toml-f/toml-f", branch = "master" }
+```
+
+Alternatively, reference tags by using the *tag* entry
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+toml-f = { git = "https://github.com/toml-f/toml-f", tag = "v0.2.1" }
+```
+
+To pin a specific revision specify the commit hash in the *rev* entry
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+toml-f = { git = "https://github.com/toml-f/toml-f", rev = "2f5eaba" }
+```
+
+For more verbose layout use normal tables rather than inline tables to specify dependencies
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+[dependencies.toml-f]
+git = "https://github.com/toml-f/toml-f"
+rev = "2f5eaba864ff630ba0c3791126a3f811b6e437f3"
+```
+
+### Development dependencies
+
+Development dependencies allow to declare *dev-dependencies* in the manifest root, which are available to all tests but not exported with the project.